Before upgrading, back up your data by copying the existing configuration files to a separate medium such as tape device, removable hard disk, etc. Back up all data as root. Only root has sufficient permissions for all local files. If you have selected Update an Existing System as the installation mode in YaST, you can choose to do a system backup at a later point in time.
However, this is not a complete backup, as all the other important directories mentioned above are missing. You can save a list of installed packages, for example when doing a fresh install of a new major SLE release or reverting to the old version. Be aware that not all installed packages or used repositories are available in newer releases of SUSE Linux Enterprise. Some may have been renamed and others replaced. It is also possible that some packages are still available for legacy purposes while another package is used by default.
Therefore some manual editing of the files might be necessary. This can be done with any text editor. Create a file named repositories.
Also create a file named installed-software. Back up both files. The repositories and installed packages can be restored with the following commands:.
Reasons for this are:. Packages were split to allow a more fine-grained package selection. When a package has been split, all new packages are installed in the upgrade case to retain the same functionality as with the previous version.
Legacy packages from SLE X may be kept for compatibility reasons. In addition, make sure to check the other sections of this chapter for further required preparations. For more information, see Section 3.
Before you start any upgrade, it is highly recommended to back up your database. Configure your MariaDB database to your needs. Do not use the former configuration file and directory, but use it as a reminder and adapt it. If you have certificates created as MD5, re-create your certificates with the following steps:. If you want a stronger key, replace with a higher number, for example, Place the files server.
Because of the required migration work of the database, there is no automatic upgrade process. As such, the switch from one version to another needs to be performed manually. The program files for each PostgreSQL version are stored in different, version-dependent directories. Note that the versioning policy of PostgreSQL has changed between the major versions 9.
When upgrading from SLE 11, postgresql94 will be uninstalled and cannot be used for the database migration to a higher PostgreSQL version. Therefore in this case make sure to migrate the PostgreSQL database before you upgrade your system. The procedure below describes the database migration from version 9. When using a different version as start or target, replace the version numbers accordingly.
If not already done, upgrade any package of the old PostgreSQL version to the latest release through a maintenance update. Install the packages of the new PostgreSQL major version. If space is tight, try to reduce size with the following SQL command on each database can take very long! Initialize your new database instance either manually with initdb or by starting and stopping PostgreSQL, which will do it automatically:.
If you have changed your configuration files in the old version, consider transferring these changes to the new configuration files. This may affect the files postgresql. Note that just copying the old configuration files is not recommended, because this may overwrite new options, new defaults and changed comments.
Check if the migration was successful. The scope of the test depends on your use case and there is no general tool to automate this step. Otherwise you may not be able to access the guests after the update. If the machine you want to upgrade is registered as a client against an SMT server, take care of the following:. Check if the version of the clientSetup4SMT. Afterward, restart the upgrade process. Check if the client has successfully been de-registered by listing all client registrations:.
If the client's host name is still listed in the output of this command, get the client's Unique ID from the first column. The client might be listed with multiple IDs. If the client is listed with multiple IDs, repeat the step above for each of its unique IDs. Software tends to grow from version to version. Therefore, take a look at the available partition space before updating.
If you suspect you are running short of disk space, back up your data before increasing the available space by resizing partitions, for example. There is no general rule regarding how much space each partition should have. Space requirements depend on your particular partitioning profile and the software selected. During the update procedure, YaST will check how much free disk space is available and display a warning to the user if the installation may exceed the available amount.
In that case, performing the update may lead to an unusable system! Only if you know exactly what you are doing by testing beforehand , you can skip the warning and continue the update. Use the df command to list available disk space. For example, in Example 3.
On a Btrfs file system, the output of df can be misleading, because in addition to the space the raw data allocates, a Btrfs file system also allocates and uses space for metadata.
Consequently a Btrfs file system may report being out of space even though it seems that plenty of space is still available. In that case, all space allocated for the metadata is used up. If you use Btrfs as root file systems on your machine, make sure there is enough free space.
Check the available space on all mounted partitions. For all file systems including Btrfs you need enough free disk space to download and install big RPMs.
For Btrfs with snapshots, you need at minimum as much free space as your current installation takes. We recommend to have twice as much free space as the current installation. If you do not have enough free space, you can try to delete old snapshots with snapper :. However, this may not help in all cases. Before migration, most snapshots occupy only little space. A server running SMT requires a special upgrade procedure.
Support for this feature needs to be temporarily disabled to upgrade to a service pack. When the update has successfully finished, multiversion support can be re-enabled.
The result should look similar to:. To re-activate this feature after a successful update, remove the comment signs. The YaST installer can, for example, be started from a DVD, over the network, or from the hard disk the system resides on. Before upgrading your system, read Chapter 3, Preparing the Upgrade first. To upgrade your system, boot from an installation source, as you would do for a fresh installation.
However, when the boot screen appears, you need to select Upgrade instead of Installation. The upgrade can be started from:. Removable Media. For more information, see Section 4.
Network Resource. You can either boot from the local medium and then select the respective network installation type, or boot via PXE. A Welcome screen is displayed, followed by the boot screen. Start up the system by selecting Upgrade in the boot menu. Proceed with the upgrade process as described in Section 4. To start an upgrade from a network installation source, make sure that the following requirements are met:.
Both the installation server and the target machine must have a functioning network connection. Required network services are:.
The way to select the boot method and to start up the system from the medium depends on the system architecture and on whether the machine has a traditional BIOS or UEFI. For details, see the links below. Usually you get this choice by pressing F4 , but in case your machine is equipped with UEFI instead of a traditional BIOS, you may need to manually adjust boot parameters.
To perform an upgrade from a network installation source using PXE boot, proceed as follows:. Initiate the boot of the target system and use VNC to remotely connect to the installation routine running on this machine. Before you upgrade your system, read Chapter 3, Preparing the Upgrade first. To perform an automated migration, proceed as follows:. If the system you want to upgrade is registered with the SUSE Customer Center, make sure to have an Internet connection during the following procedure.
After you have booted either from an installation medium or the network , select the Upgrade entry on the boot screen. Make sure you selected Upgrade at this point. If you select Installation by mistake, your data partition will be overwritten with a fresh installation. On the Welcome screen, choose Language and Keyboard. Proceed with Next. On the Select for Upgrade screen, select the partition to upgrade and click Next. YaST mounts the selected partition and displays the license agreement for the upgraded product.
To continue, accept the license. On the Previously Used Repositories screen, adjust the status of the repositories. By default all repositories are removed. If you have not added any custom repositories, do not change the settings. The packages for the upgrade will be installed from DVD, and you can optionally enable the default online repositories in the next step.
Leave the repository in state Removed. Software that was installed from this repository will be removed during the upgrade.
Use this method if no version of the repository that matches the new release is available. Update and enable the repository if it matches the new release. Change its URL by clicking the repository in the list, and then click Change. Enable the repository by checking Toggle Status until it is set to Enable.
Do not keep repositories from the previous release, as the system may be unstable or not work at all. Then proceed by clicking Next. If you do not have that medium, the system cannot be upgraded without registration.
Select one migration target from the list and proceed with Next. In the next dialog you can optionally add an additional installation medium. If you have additional installation media, activate the I would like to install an additional Add On Product option and specify the media type. If all settings are according to your wishes, start the installation and removal procedure by clicking Update.
If the machine to upgrade is an SMT client, and the upgrade fails, see Procedure 3. After the upgrade process has finished successfully, perform post-upgrade checks as described in Section 4. During an upgrade procedure, packages may be renamed, removed, merged, or split. As a result, certain packages can become orphaned and unsupported.
Orphaned packages are not automatically removed. The following command gives you a list of these:. Use the list to determine which packages are still needed and which packages can be safely removed. When an upgrade includes changes to a default configuration file, instead of overwriting the configuration file, the package will write one of these file types.
Use the following command to list them:. The upgrade process can be executed automatically. It comes with a set of tools and a Web-based user interface for management tasks. With the integrated AutoYaST technology, upgrades from one major version to the next are possible. When performing a service pack upgrade, it is necessary to change the configuration on the registration server to provide access to the new repositories. If the upgrade process is interrupted or reverted via restoring from a backup or snapshot , the information on the registration server is inconsistent with the status of the system.
This may lead to you being prevented from accessing update repositories or to wrong repositories being used on the client. When a rollback is done via Snapper, the system will notify the registration server to ensure access to the correct repositories is set up during the boot process. If the system was restored with another method, or the communication with the registration server failed, trigger the rollback on the client manually. An example for manually triggering a rollback can be that the server was not accessible because of network issues.
To do a rollback, execute:. We suggest always checking that the correct repositories are set up on the system, especially after refreshing the service using:. This functionality is available in the rollback-helper package. If the system was not registered before running the upgrade you can register your system at any time using the Product Registration module in YaST.
Provide the E-mail address associated with the SUSE account you or your organization uses to manage subscriptions. If one or more local registration servers are available on your network, you can choose one of them from a list. After successful registration, YaST lists extensions, add-ons, and modules that are available for your system. SUSE offers an intuitive graphical and a simple command line tool to upgrade a running system to a new service pack.
This chapter explains how to do a service pack upgrade step by step with these tools. To make it easy for customers to migrate to a new service pack and minimize downtime, SUSE supports migrating online while the system is running. This has the following advantages:.
The online migration is only supported for migrating between service packs. Online migration is not supported for upgrading to new major releases. For details, see Chapter 1, Upgrade Paths and Methods.
Use the offline migration to upgrade to a new major release. Use the Client Migration procedure instead. SUSE Manager can also be used. The list of migration targets depends on the products you have installed and registered.
If you have an extension installed for which the new SP is not yet available, it could be that no migration target is offered to you. The list of migration targets available for your host will always be retrieved from the SUSE Customer Center and depend on products or extensions installed. A service pack migration can only be canceled at specific stages during the migration process:. Until the package upgrade starts, there are only minimal changes on the system, like for services and repositories.
By default, YaST does not install any packages from a third-party repository. If a package was installed from a third-party repository, YaST prevents packages from being replaced with the same package coming from SUSE.
Especially in the case of custom minimal installations, this may increase the installation size of the system significantly. To change this default behavior and allow only required packages, adjust the solver. This changes the behavior of all package operations, such as the installation of patches or new packages. To change the behavior of Zypper for a single invocation, add the parameter --no-recommends to your command line.
Deactivate all unused extensions on your registration server to avoid future dependency conflicts. If you forget an extension, YaST will later detect unused extension repositories and deactivate them. If you are logged in to a GNOME session running on the machine you are going to update, switch to a text console. Restart YaST, otherwise the newly installed module will not be shown in the control center.
YaST will show possible migration targets and a summary. If more than one migration target is available for your system, select one from the list. In case the migration tool offers update repositories, it is recommended to proceed with Yes. If the Online Migration tool finds obsolete repositories coming from DVD or a local server, it is highly recommended to disable them.
Obsolete repositories are from a previous SP. Check the summary and proceed with the migration by clicking Next. Confirm with Start Update. To perform a service pack migration with Zypper, use the command line tool zypper migration from the package zypper-migration-plugin.
If more than one migration target is available for your system, Zypper allows you to select one SP from the list. This is the same as skipping one or more SPs. By default, Zypper uses the option --no-allow-vendor-change which is passed to zypper dup. If a package was installed from a third-party repository, this option prevents packages from being replaced with the same package coming from SUSE.
If Zypper finds obsolete repositories coming from DVD or a local server, it is highly recommended to disable them. Review all the changes, especially the packages that are going to be removed. Proceed by typing y the exact number of packages to upgrade can vary on your system :.
If your system is not registered because you do not have access to the Internet or a registration server, migrating to a new service pack is not possible with YaST Migration or zypper migration. In this case you can still migrate to a new service pack with plain Zypper and some manual interactions. This migration path to a new service pack is only supported for unregistered systems that do not have access to the Internet or a registration server. This may, for example, be the case for machines in a specially protected network.
If you have a registered system, use YaST or Zypper migration. This migration path requires you to provide the installation sources for the new service pack in a place that can be accessed by the machine you are going to migrate. It is also required that the system has access to an up-to-date update repository for the installed product version. If you are logged in to a graphical session running on the machine you are going to migrate, log out of that session and switch to a text console.
Running the update from within a graphical session is not recommended. Note that this does not apply when being logged in from a remote machine unless you are running a VNC session with X. Get a list of packages that currently do not have a repository assigned to them orphaned packages. These packages will not be migrated and there is no guarantee that they will work after the migration because other packages they rely on may have changed in such a way that they are no longer compatible.
To get the list, run:. SUSE Nederland. SUSE Polska. SUSE Suomi. About Us. Success Stories. Investor Relations. Social Impact. Merchandise Store. Communications Preferences. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Improve uptime, increase efficiency, and accelerate innovation with best-of-breed performance and reduced risk. All Products. If you don't already have one, add a network tag to your host VMs.
This network tag is used by the firewall rule for health checks. You need to create an instance group in each zone that contains a cluster-node VM and add the VM in that zone to the instance group. Add both instance groups to each backend service, designating the opposite instance group as the failover instance group in each backend service. Finally, create forwarding rules from the VIPs to the backend services. You should see output similar to the following example for the SCS backend service.
For ERS, failover: true would appear on the primary instance group:. Even though your backend instance groups won't register as healthy until later, you can test the load balancer configuration by setting up a listener to respond to the health checks.
After setting up a listener, if the load balancer is configured correctly, the status of the backend instance groups changes to healthy. You can use the socat utility to temporarily listen on a health check port.
You need to install the socat utility anyway, because you use it later when you configure cluster resources. In Cloud Shell, after waiting a few seconds for the health check to detect the listener, check the health of your SCS backend instance group:. If port 22 is open for SSH connections on your host VMs, you can temporarily edit the health checker to use port 22, which has a listener that can respond to the health checker.
Go to Health checks page. In Cloud Shell,, after waiting a few seconds for the health check to detect the listener, check the health of your backend instance groups:.
As root on both the primary and secondary hosts, download the following required cluster packages:. If you didn't already install it, the socat utility: zypper install -y socat. You initialize the cluster by using the ha-cluster-init SUSE script. You then need to edit the Corosync configuration file and sync it with the secondary node. After starting the cluster, you then set additional cluster properties and defaults by using crm commands.
On the primary host as root, initialize the cluster by using the SUSE ha-cluster-init script. The following commands name the cluster and create the configuration file corosync. In the totem section of the corosync. Some parameters might already be set to the correct values:. When you define the individual cluster resources, the values that you set for resource-stickiness and migration-threshold override the default values that you set here.
You can see the resource defaults, as well as the values for any defined resources, by entering crm config show. If you have configured your HA cluster as described by these instructions, you can disregard the warnings about the watchdog device.
You define the resources that Pacemaker manages in a high-availability cluster. You need to define resources for the following cluster components:. The output should indicate that resource management is disabled, as shown in the following example:. To ensure the correct sequence of events after a fencing action, you also configure the operating system to delay the restart of Corosync after a VM is fenced. You also adjust the Pacemaker timeout for reboots to account for the delay.
For each VM in the cluster, you create a cluster resource for the fencing device that can restart that VM. The fencing device for a VM must run on a different VM, so you configure the location of the cluster resource to run on any VM except the VM it can restart. Configure the location of the fencing device for the primary VM so that it is active on only the secondary VM:.
On the primary host as root, create a cluster resource for a fencing device for the secondary VM:. Configure the location of the fencing device for the secondary VM so that it is active on only the primary VM:. On both hosts as root, create a systemd drop-in file that delays the startup of Corosync to ensure the proper sequence of events after a fenced VM is rebooted:.
Now that you have created the shared file system directories, you can define the cluster resources. To ensure consistency across the cluster and simplify installation, before you install the SAP NetWeaver SCS and ERS components, define the users, groups, and permissions and put the secondary server in standby mode.
On both servers as root, enter the following commands, specifying the user and group IDs that are appropriate for your environment:. On the secondary server, enter the following command to put the secondary server in standby mode:. Putting the secondary server in standby mode consolidates all of the cluster resources on the primary server, which simplifies installation.
To access the web interface of SWPM, you need the password for the root user. Putting the primary server in standby mode consolidates all of the cluster resources on the secondary server, which simplifies installation. You need to confirm that the services are configured correctly, check the settings in the ASCS and ERS profiles, and add the sid adm user to the haclient user group.
If necessary, you can find the files names of your ASCS and ERS profiles by listing the files in the profile directory or use the following formats:. When you installed the sap-suse-cluster-connector , the installation created an haclient user group.
To enable the sid adm user to work with the cluster, add it to the haclient user group. On both servers, add the sid adm user to the haclient user group:. Create the cluster resource for the SCS instance. Create the cluster resource for the ERS instance. You can display the names of all your previously defined resources by entering the command crm resource status :. Check the cluster configuration. For the instance number, specify the instance number of the SCS or ERS instance that is active on the server where you enter the command:.
In the following example, the SCS resources are running on the nw-ha-vm-1 server and the ERS resources are running on the nw-ha-vm-2 server. To confirm lock entries are preserved across a failover, first select the tab for your version of the Enqueue Server and the follow the procedure to generate lock entries, simulate a failover, and confirm that the lock entries are retained after SCS is activated again.
As sid adm, on the server where ERS is active, generate lock entries by using the enqt program:. As sid adm, on the server where SCS is active, verify that the lock entries are registered:. On the monitoring server, by the time Pacemaker stops ERS to move it to the other server, you should see output similar to the following. As sid adm, after you confirm the locks were retained, release the locks:.
As sid adm, on the server where SCS is active, verify that the lock entries are removed:. As sid adm, on the server where SCS was restarted, verify that the lock entries were retained:. As sid adm on the server where ERS is active, after you confirm the locks were retained, release the locks:. Simulate a Compute Engine maintenance event to make sure that live migration does not trigger a failover.
The timeout and interval values that are used in these instructions account for the duration live migrations. If you use shorter values, the risk that live migration will trigger a failover is greater. For issues with Google Cloud infrastructure or services, contact Customer Care. Before you can receive support for SAP systems and the Google Cloud infrastructure and services that they use, you must meet the minimum support plan requirements.
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